Gonorrhea is a curable sexually transmitted
disease (STD) caused by a bacterium called Neisseria
gonorrhoeae. These bacteria can infect the genital tract,
the mouth, and the rectum. In women, the opening (cervix) to the
womb (uterus) from the birth canal is the first place of
infection. The disease however can spread into the womb and
fallopian tubes, resulting in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
PID affects more than 1 million women in this country every year
and can cause infertility in as many as 10 percent of infected
women and tubal (ectopic) pregnancy.
In 1997, health care workers reported 324,901 cases of gonorrhea
in the United States to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC). The Institute of Medicine, however, estimates
that 800,000 cases of gonorrhea occur annually in the United
States. Health economists estimate that the annual cost of
gonorrhea and its complications is close to $1.1 billion.
Gonorrhea is spread during sexual intercourse vaginal,
oral, and anal. People who practice anal intercourse can get
gonorrhea of the rectum. Even women who do not engage in anal
intercourse can get gonorrhea of the rectum if the bacteria are
spread from the vaginal area.
Infected women can pass gonorrhea to their newborn infants during
delivery, causing eye infections in their babies. This
complication is rare because newborn babies receive eye medicine
to prevent infection. When the infection occurs in the genital
tract, mouth, or rectum of a child, it is due most commonly to
sexual abuse.
What Are the Symptoms of Gonorrhea?
The early symptoms of gonorrhea often are
mild. Symptoms usually appear within two to 10 days after sexual
contact with an infected partner. A small number of people may be
infected for several months without showing symptoms.
When women have symptoms, the first ones include:
bleeding associated with vaginal
intercourse;
a painful or burning sensation when
urinating; and/or
vaginal discharge that is yellow or
bloody.
More advanced symptoms, which indicate
development of PID, include cramps and pain, bleeding between
menstrual periods, vomiting, or fever.
Men have symptoms more often than women. Symptoms include:
pus from the penis and pain, or
a burning sensation during urination
that may be severe.
Symptoms of rectal infection include
discharge, anal itching, and occasional painful bowel movements
with fresh blood on the feces.
How is Gonorrhea Diagnosed?
Doctors or other health care workers
usually use three laboratory techniques to diagnose gonorrhea:
staining biological samples directly for the bacterium, detection
of bacterial genes or nucleic acid (DNA) in urine, and growing
the bacteria in laboratory cultures. Many doctors prefer to use
more than one test to increase the chance of an accurate
diagnosis.
The staining test involves placing a smear of the discharge from
the penis or the cervix on a slide and staining the smear with a
dye. Then the doctor uses a microscope to look for bacteria on
the slide. You usually can get the test results while in the
office or clinic. This test is quite accurate for men but is not
good in women. Only one in two women with gonorrhea have a
positive stain.
More often, doctors use urine or cervical swabs for a new test
that detects the genes of the bacteria. These tests are as
accurate or more so than culturing the bacteria, and many doctors
use them.
The culture test involves placing a sample of the discharge onto
a culture plate and incubating it up to two days to allow the
bacteria to multiply. The sensitivity of this test depends on the
site from which the sample is taken. Cultures of cervical samples
detect infection approximately 90 percent of the time.
The doctor also can take a culture to detect gonorrhea in the
throat. Culture allows testing for drug-resistant bacteria.
How is Gonorrhea Treated?
Doctors usually prescribe a single dose of
one of the following antibiotics to treat gonorrhea:
Ceftriaxone
Cefixime
Ciprofloxacin
Ofloxacin
If you have gonorrhea and are pregnant or
are younger than 18 years old, you should not take ciprofloxacin
or ofloxacin. Your doctor can prescribe the best and safest
antibiotic for you.
Gonorrhea and chlamydial infection, another common STD, often
infect people at the same time. Therefore, doctors usually
prescribe a combination of antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone and
doxycycline or azithromycin, which will treat both diseases.
If you have gonorrhea, all of your sexual partners should get
tested and then treated if infected, whether or not they have
symptoms of infection.
What Can Happen if Gonorrhea is Not
Treated?
In untreated gonorrhea infections, the
bacteria can spread up into the reproductive tract, or more
rarely, can spread through the blood stream and infect the
joints, heart valves, or the brain.
The most common result of untreated gonorrhea is PID, a serious
infection of the female reproductive organs. Gonococcal PID often
appears immediately after the menstrual period. PID causes scar
tissue to form in the fallopian tubes. If the tube is only
partially scarred, the fertilized egg cannot pass into the
uterus. If this happens, the embryo may implant in the tube
causing a tubal pregnancy. This serious complication results in a
miscarriage and can cause death of the mother. Rarely, untreated
gonorrhea can spread through the blood to the joints.
If you are infected with gonorrhea, your risk of getting HIV
infection increases (HIV, human immunodeficiency virus, causes
AIDS). Therefore, it is extremely important for you to either
prevent yourself from getting gonorrhea or get treated early if
you already are infected with it.
Can Gonorrhea Affect a Newborn
Baby?
If you are pregnant and have gonorrhea, you
may give the infection to your baby as it passes through the
birth canal during delivery. A doctor can prevent infection of
your baby's eyes by applying silver nitrate or other medications
to the eyes immediately after birth. Because of the risks from
gonococcal infection to both you and your baby, doctors recommend
that pregnant women have at least one test for gonorrhea during
pregnancy.
How Can I Prevent Getting Infected
With Gonorrhea?
By using male latex condoms correctly and
consistently during vaginal or rectal sexual activity, you can
reduce your risk of getting gonorrhea and its complications.
What Research is Going On?
Scientists supported by the National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) are
continuing to learn more about the bacterium that causes
gonorrhea and are working on better methods to prevent, diagnose,
and treat the disease. The dramatic rise of antibiotic-resistant
strains of the gonococcus bacterium emphasizes the need for an
effective means of preventing gonorrhea. Scientists have
developed a laboratory method to detect these resistant strains,
which helps the doctor select an appropriate treatment.
Developing topical microbicides (preparations that can be
inserted into the vagina to prevent infection) and an effective
vaccine against gonorrhea remain key research priorities for
NIAID-supported scientists.
I've been with my current boyfriend a long some time, and we've always enjoyed very good (and frequent) sex, but lately we've reached a stage where we seem to be doing the same things each time. I still have satisfying orgasms, but it's just routine. I know I always get that special excitement with a new lover, but I don't want to break up with Ted and I'm not sure if I want to be with him forever. I know it sounds really bad, but I decided to cheat on him using the Internet.
The way I see it, all the old rules of sex and relationships can be thrown away. The rulebook was created when having an affair meant you'd be caught. With the Net, I can fuck a guy I've never met before and will never meet again. It really is possible now to cheat and not get caught. A girl can have a little fun.
I set up a date with a cute guy using an online dating service. I didn't tell a soul and I was very careful to keep my real name out of my profile, or anything else that would give my identity away. I met him at Paragary's during the day while my boyfriend was at work, and he said his name was Jason, although I don't know whether it was his real name. I didn't really care, I didn't use my real name. Jason was exciting. Body wise he was similar to my boyfriend, but in personality he was completely different. He was extremely funny and outgoing. I knew I was going to go through with fucking him after only talking to him for a few minutes. He was passing through our city on vacation, touring the west coast. He had no direction, and my ambitious boyfriend would consider him a total bum. He was charming and sexy in a completely different way.
I brought him back to my apartment in midtown Sacramento even though I knew it would be a little risky, but it was closer and I couldn't wait to find out how big his cock was. We had a couple of drinks and talked about our past relationships before things got serious, but it was all a build up. Everything we talked about revolved around sex and I was so hot by the time we embraced I could barely control myself.
As we spoke he kept eying my body, especially my tits. When we embraced and kissed for the first time his hand moved up my leg and found no resistance. When he brushed up against my clit through the fabric of my jeans I spread my legs as wide as I could and moaned. I didn't want to give him any mixed signals. He had a green light and I wanted him to know it. He didn't miss a beat and began to gently massage my clit while kissing my neck and it gave me goose bumps all over. I had my first small orgasm almost right away and he started moving his hands all over my body, stopping to caress my nipples through the fabric of my blouse and bra.
He spent a long time licking my nipples and it was very satisfying. I can't get over how every guy has a different tongue. When he worked it over my clit I thought I might pass out. Jason was a lot better at oral sex than my boyfriend. He drove me so crazy that when he stood up I had trouble removing his belt- my hands were shaking. I pulled his cock out as fast as possible so he could fuck me. He had different plans though, and held me by the hair while rubbing the head of his penis against my cheek trying to guide it into my mouth.
I don't usually give head, but the way he made it seem so normal I couldn't say no. I parted my lips and he guided it all the way inside my mouth. After a couple of strokes he came without any warning, and before I could pull away he shot a good percentage of it down my throat. I've tasted come before, but this time it wasn't too bad. It was just warm and slightly bitter. He apologized as I made a funny face, but I told him it was okay as long as he stayed hard enough to fuck me.
For a guy that came so early he fucked me forever before coming a second time. I'm not sure how to describe it, but it was wonderful. Many times with my boyfriend I feel like I'm being fucked by a freight train, his cock is big and he hammers me with long hard strokes, but having sex with Jason wasn't like that. We did it in all kinds of positions and for a long time, but it was loving and gentle. I was still in a submissive role, but I enjoyed it more.
When he left I didn't have the energy to see him out the door. I just fell asleep on my couch and told him to lock up on the way out. He kissed me good-bye and thanked me for the lovely time. I woke up to a phone call from my boyfriend offering to take me out for dinner, and I had just enough time to shower and get ready. The funny thing is I found enough energy that night to have sex with him that night and I liked it better. I kept wondering if he would be able to tell that my pussy had been fucked raw just hours before, but he didn't seem to notice. The worry had my heart racing and I can't describe how much of a difference it made. It was one of the best sexual experiences of my life. It will keep me faithful for some time, maybe even forever, I don't know, but now I know what I have to do to break a routine.
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